The Nano is the highest building block for healthcare, structural material, in electronics, automation, etc., and will become the platform for new cutting edge technologies to grow for the better living of mankind. Nanotechnology is fast gaining traction across a range of industries, from agriculture to water treatment to energy storage. Today, nanotechnology is one of the most advanced, cutting-edge areas of scientific study and it continues to advance at staggering rates. From scientists at technology-focused companies and institutions to students pursuing a nanotechnology degree, leaders in nanotechnology are creating the latest innovations in this field.

For the development of mankind, Materials sciences have played a key role. Materials Science and Engineering (MSE) is an integrative field of science and engineering which inspects how variations in the structure of a material impact its properties. This field comprises of chemical, biomedical, mechanical, electrical, aerospace engineering, civil, physics and chemistry. Materials scientists and engineers improve materials for new applications, expand existing materials to reinforce interpretation and estimate ways in which diverse materials can be used along. Materials-related spectacles and strategies like investigatory and analytical techniques, materials degradation, surfaces and interfaces, failure investigation and nondestructive analysis. It is a discipline that supports both the design and application of materials in society.

Nanoengineering is the practice of engineering on the nanoscale. It derives its name from the nanometre, a unit of measurement equalling one billionth of a meter. Nanoengineering is largely a synonym for nanotechnology, but emphasizes the engineering rather than the pure science aspects of the field.

Nanochemistry is a new discipline concerned with the unique properties associated with assemblies of atoms or molecules on a scale between that of the individual building blocks and the bulk material. Nanochemistry is the use of synthetic chemistry to make nanoscale building blocks of desired shape, size, composition and surface structure, charge and functionality with an optional target to control self-assembly of these building blocks at various scale-lengths.

The field of pharmaceutical nanotechnology provides an insights into the study of synthesis, characterisation and diagnostic application of materials at the nanoscale. The particular interest within the field is synthesis, characterisation, biological evaluation, clinical testing and toxicological assessment of nanomaterials as drugs for various diseases.Nanotechnology is the science which deals with the processes that occur at molecular level and of nanolength scale size.

Neuroengineering focuses on the development of artificial devices and novel materials to be functionally and structurally interfaced with the central nervous system (CNS). Today, there is the expectation that materials science and nanotechnology will be able to address these challenges and lead to breakthroughs at the level of the interfaces between artificial transducers/actuators and living cells. Nanoparticles are able to penetrate the BBB of in vitro and in vivo models; and therefore can be used to develop diagnostic tools as well as nano-enabled delivery systems that can bypass the BBB in order to facilitate conventional and novel neurotherapeutic interventions such as drug therapy, gene therapy, and tissue regeneration.

The latest application of Nanotechnology for surgeons are in the area of advancement pf surgical implants using nanomaterial like Imaging, Drug Delivery and the advancement of tissue engineering products. The research has been done in the field of dentistry related to nanotechnology, liposomal Nanoparticles comprises collagenase and this has been tested on rats and found that as compared to the conventional surgery collagenase declining the collagen fibre which makes the teeth to shift easier with braces.